Why Arab states now oppose a US-Israel attack on Iran
16 January 2026
Arab governments that once tolerated the idea of
US-led regime change in Iran are now urging restraint, recognizing that Israeli
expansionism has become the region's main threat
https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/why-arab-states-now-oppose-us-israel-attack-iran
Only a few years ago, many Arab states, particularly
in the Gulf, may have viewed a US regime change attack on Iran favourably.
For decades, they regarded Iran with deep suspicion,
often treating it as the region's primary threat. But now, as US President Donald Trump reportedly mulls exactly such an attack, Arab leaders, including Gulf rulers long at odds
with Tehran, are lobbying the US administration not to strike Iran.
For 27 months, Arab leaders have watched Israel's
rampage throughout the region, in pursuit of its "Greater Israel" project, an expansionist biblical vision for
territory spanning from the Euphrates River in Iraq to the Nile River in Egypt.
To this end, Israel has significantly expanded its
illegal occupation of Arab lands. Not only has Israel carried
out genocide in Gaza and indicated its plans to take the territory over, but it has
also deepened its hold in the West Bank, Syria and Lebanon.
Perhaps most alarming for Arab leaders, after months
of Netanyahu openly declaring his expansionist ambitions, was Israel's
unprecedented assault on
Qatar, a US ally, in
September 2025. That escalation had been preceded only a few months
earlier, in June, by Israel convincing the US to bomb Iran in an assault aimed at destroying Iran's nuclear programme and ensuring Israel remains the region's sole nuclear power.
In short, Israel's aim of absolute regional hegemony
has never been clearer, and a US strike on Iran would represent both an
extension of Israeli aggression and an expansion of its regional power.
This is the structural shift at the heart of Arab
opposition to a potential US-Israel attack on Iran.
Israeli expansionism
Although Israel has attempted to distance itself from a possible US strike on Iran,
evidence suggests it is actively fuelling ongoing anti-regime protests that have helped precipitate the most recent
American interference.
Earlier this month, both former US Secretary of
State Mike Pompeo and current Israeli Heritage Minister Amichai
Eliyahu suggested
that Israeli agents are fuelling the protest movement from the front lines.
Meanwhile, Israel's Channel 14 has insinuated that Israel has been supplying
weapons to opposition protesters, who have reportedly killed dozens of Iranian
security personnel.
These reports will almost certainly be read by Arab
leaders in the context of Israel's decades-long attempt to convince the US to carry out a regime
change operation in Iran, as well as America's history of covert regime change and chaos operations in
the region.
But Israel's push for regional hegemony is not the
only calculation affecting how Arab states view conflict between Iran and the
US-Israel axis, or the potential collapse of the Iranian regime.
Recent regional shifts also play an important role.
Since 2023, Iran has been severely weakened, with
sanctions crippling the economy and direct attacks by the US and Israel
compromising both the country's military capabilities and nuclear programme.
Iran's proxy network has also been degraded.
Syria's Bashar al-Assad fell in December 2024, and Lebanon's Hezbollah has suffered mightily in the face of constant
Israeli bombardment.
From the perspective of Arab governments, Iran's
decline has rendered further attack unnecessary and perhaps counterproductive.
Indeed, while a weak Iran may be manageable and
perhaps even desirable, the costs of a completely collapsed Iranian state
greatly outweigh any potential benefits.
A shifting threat map
Gulf countries need stability to preserve regional security and further
economic interests.
They worry in particular about what an attack on Iran,
and a potential Iranian retaliation, could do to oil and natural gas prices.
An Iranian retaliation would likely threaten the
Strait of Hormuz, which is essential to the transport of both natural gas and
oil. Egypt fears that regime collapse in Iran could lead to further instability
in the Red Sea and Suez Canal, both vital to the Egyptian economy.
It is also worth noting that Arab states have
themselves moved diplomatically closer to Iran in recent years, in part because
of Israeli aggression and expansionism. The Saudis and Iranians restored diplomatic
relations in 2023
and moved closer after Israel's September 2025 attack on Qatar.
Iran's relationship with Egypt has also improved.
Moreover, recent events, and in particular Israel's
unchecked aggression and territorial expansion, have forced a structural shift
in how Arab states assess regional threats.
Gone, at least for now, are the days when Saudi Arabia viewed Iran as its foremost enemy, when Qatar saw Saudi Arabia as its
principal threat, or when Egypt treated Qatar as the chief source of regional
instability.
Increasingly, Arab regimes, with perhaps the exception
of the UAE, now view Israel as the region's most destabilising
force.
Israeli expansionism, its willingness to strike across
borders without regard for accepted international norms, and its open pursuit
of regional hegemony have fundamentally altered how Arab leaders assess risk.
Arab leaders now fear that they may already be on the
path of "Greater Israel", or that they could be Israel's next target.
Trump's de-escalation rhetoric on Wednesday may have
clarified what some analysts believe has been the US plan all along: squeeze
the Iranian economy, support opposition protesters on the ground, and seek
regime collapse without the costs of a direct military intervention.
Should the de-escalation trend continue, Arab leaders
will be pleased, at least until the next Israeli effort to weaken, destabilise
and fragment the region.
The irony is that Israeli belligerence - and American
belligerence at the behest of Israel - carries the potential to unite a divided
region, if not on the basis of common interests, then at least on the basis of
a common threat.