US universities get millions to do military research for Israel
The projects, which often fail to disclose their
funding, include efforts to create surveillance robots and improve missile
guidance
Sep 03, 2026
See an insect crawling in the corner of the room? It
might be a surveillance robot, thanks to research at Carnegie Mellon University
to develop cockroach-like robots with, and for, the Israeli military.
Robot cockroaches, “terror-network” mapping, and rapid
missile guidance are just three examples of at least 70 research projects U.S.
universities have conducted on behalf of the Israeli Ministry of Defense
(IMoD). Over a thousand pages of internal university and U.S./Israeli military
documents reveal a sweeping, decades-long program to sponsor military research
collaborations with at least 30 U.S. universities, from Cornell to the
University of California at San Diego, since at least 2009.
Projects are conducted in collaboration with the
Israeli military and sometimes explicitly incorporate environmental conditions
in Palestine into the work. One project designed fuel cells for “distributed sensor
networks” tailored to the temperature and soil conditions of an Israeli border
that could monitor “potential terrorist activity” for “border security.”
Recent reports from Dropsite News, The Nation, and the Anti-War
Initiative found
millions of Israeli military dollars flowing into U.S. schools. Public records
obtained from 13 U.S. universities reveal this money was directed via a U.S.
arms export program to fund collaborations with Israeli scientists and military
officials.
These projects are not funded by traditional academic
grants. Instead, they are procured as “defense articles and services,” paid for
with U.S. taxpayer dollars via the Foreign
Military Financing (FMF) program – the same mechanism Israel uses to purchase
F-35 fighter jets and other U.S. defense exports.
At least 11 contracts sent U.S. scientists to Israel
to work face to face with their counterparts at an Israeli university and/or
the IMoD, earmarking funds for U.S. professors to attend meetings and present
their research to the IMoD.
The research
Though research subjects span the breadth of Israel’s
military interests, including drone swarms, missile guidance, fuel cells, and
quantum sensing, we highlight just a few threads to illustrate how U.S.
universities support Israel’s military.
Alongside robotic cockroaches, Prof. Sarah Bergbreiter
built “inchworm-like” crawlers with an IMoD scientist at the University of Maryland. Profs. Indejrit
Chopra, also at Maryland, and Kenneth Breuer at Brown University were inspired
by hummingbirds and bats to develop micro-drones that can search caves
and demolished buildings. Columbia Prof. Hod Lipson built the Flexipod, a “soft quadrupedal robot” agile enough to do
backflips and navigate varied terrain.
The IDF has used other drones to collect massive surveillance
datasets that
are fed into AI software to track targets and accelerate “kill-chains.” Recent Israeli innovations in this area follows
years of IMoD-sponsored research at U.S. universities on this kind of
technology.
In December 2016, the IDF prototyped an AI tool
to “Tell You
What’s Happening in a Video,” generating captions to help soldiers “keep an
eye on the battlefield.”
The following year, Prof. Kate Saenko received $120,000 from the IMoD for research on “Generating
Natural Language Descriptions for Video” using AI to automatically describe and
classify people and objects in a video. While sponsored by a second IMoD
contract on “Zero Shot Captioning,” or using machine-learning to describe
things not seen before, Saenko’s group presented software for the “detection of novel objects”
titled “Learning To Detect Every Thing” at a Tel Aviv conference.
Saenko told RS the conference paper was not related to
her IMoD funding, but did not answer repeated requests to clarify which of her
papers are.
According to an ex-IDF intelligence officer, a human eye
“will go over [AI-generated] targets before each attack, but it need not spend
a lot of time on them.” One IMoD-sponsored project at the University of
California, Berkeley could make that process even faster.
Neuroscientist Robert Knight tested electrodes in a
brain-computer-interface (BCI) for “cognitive enhancement” of “high throughput
tasks requiring visual recognition.” In his internal proposal to the IMoD, but
not in his published study, Knight discusses applications like “detecting
‘suspicious’ activity.”
Prof. V.S. Subrahmanian at the University of Maryland
received IMoD funding to study “Targeting of Terror Networks” to “find weak
points for the destabilization of terrorist networks.” He has applied
these algorithms to identify alleged “sympathizers” of Hezbollah
on social media.
Another of Subrahmanian's IMoD contracts on “Massive Social
Networks” involved
analyzing “1.04 million
person-days” of
cellular location data for tracking population flow in Israel and its Occupied Territories. The study notes
its algorithms are “related to… monitoring for evading targets by a flock of
unmanned air vehicles.”
Other IMoD-sponsored projects studied drone swarms
directly.
“Human-Robot Interaction Design for a Single Operator
with Many Robots” was the IMoD project of Prof. Holly Yanco, the director of the University of Massachusetts’
Lowell’s Robotics Center. MIT Prof. Emilio Frazzoli devised “trajectory optimization” algorithms for groups
of quadrotors, emphasizing his results are “easy to implement and may be used
directly.”
When reached for comment, Frazzoli stated his research
was on a “very basic/generic problem in robotics: how to generate a path to
move one robot from point A to point B,” and that there was “nothing specific
to defense” about the work.
Frazzoli’s IMoD-sponsored contract was titled “Rapidly
Exploring Random Trees for Missile Guidance.”
Prof. Joaquim Martins at the University of Michigan
optimized “package delivery UAV” fleets for the IMoD, given “mission
requirements” with “various package weights and delivery distances.” He found
that quadrotors are best for “long-range missions with small numbers of
customers,” and thanked Israeli arms company Rafael’s CTO of Multi-Domain Warfare for help with “research methodology.” Martins’
published paper only lists civilian applications like delivering
“medical supplies” despite its IMoD sponsorship.
This is not the only seeming example of a gap between
an IMoD proposal and the published paper that followed it. In 2015, Profs.
Alexander Yarin (University of Illinois Chicago) and Eyal Zussman (Technion)
submitted a chemical sensing proposal telling the IMoD their “Overall research
objective is to develop [a] fundamental understanding of sampling and
detect[ing] buried explosives,” elaborating that “the detection of buried
improvised explosives and mines [is] a major challenge in the battlefield.”
But a public-facing paper detailing experiments nearly identical to their
internal application only listed civilian applications like “mining,” without
any references to "explosives" or the "battlefield." The
paper did not acknowledge any funding sources, including the IMoD. Neither
professor responded to a request for comment.
The funding pipeline
The research is purchased by the IMoD Mission to USA, the Israeli military procurement office that spends
roughly $3.3 billion in annual U.S. aid to buy defense goods and services.
As analyst Christian Sorensen of Eisenhower Media
Network explained over e-mail: “US taxpayers give money to the US government.
The US government then sends billions of dollars to Israel. Israel uses that
money – there’s not a strict accounting – to purchase goods and services from
US war corporations and research from US academic institutions."
To receive IMoD funds, universities like UC Irvine
certified they were “entering into an agreement to sell defense articles … to
the foreign government listed above,” and that the payment would be made “under
the provisions of the Arms Export Control Act.” The projects are classified as
Direct Commercial Contracts (DCCs), or sales from a defense contractor to a
foreign military, subsidized by the U.S. government. Because only DCCs of
over $100 million to Israel require legislative notification, the program
has no public reporting mechanism or granular congressional oversight, and we
do not know if any other countries use DCCs to sponsor U.S. science. In an
e-mail to the IMoD, one university administrator called this funding
arrangement a “departure from standard process.”
For over 35 years, Israel was one of just ten
countries authorized to use DCCs, spending over a billion
dollars annually on
defense exports from private entities such as these research projects. But in
April 2026, the Pentagon extended this privilege to over 50 countries.
A bureaucratic carve-out known as the Fundamental
Research Exclusion allows
the IMoD to bypass export controls for defense research it sponsors if the
results are eventually “published and shared broadly.”
Both MIT and the University of California
systems censored their funding databases after student activists
discovered their schools’ IMoD contracts. In July 2025, an MIT professor canceled a proposed IMoD contract due to public backlash.
A spokesperson for the State Department referred
questions about this purchasing arrangement to a fact sheet on U.S.-Israeli
Security Cooperation. The sheet notes that the U.S. participates in “a variety
of exchanges with Israel,” including research and weapons development.
The Israeli Ministry of Defense declined to comment.